Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code
Refactoring is a disciplined technique for restructuring an existing body of code, altering its internal structure without changing its external behavior. Coined and popularized by
The Interrupt Pattern in Embedded Systems
Introduction In embedded systems, responsiveness and timing precision are often critical. When a hardware event occurs — such as a GPIO edge, UART byte received,
The Polling Pattern in Embedded Systems
Introduction In many embedded systems, it’s not always possible — or practical — to use interrupts. Some peripherals don’t provide interrupt lines, others generate events
The Debouncing Pattern in Embedded Systems
Introduction Mechanical switches, buttons, and some sensors don’t produce clean, instantaneous transitions between ON and OFF states. Instead, they generate a series of rapid, unpredictable
The Observer Pattern in Embedded Systems
Introduction In many embedded systems, one hardware event or sensor reading must be used by multiple parts of the system. For example: If each module
The Mediator Pattern in Embedded Systems
Introduction Complex embedded systems quickly develop messy interaction graphs: sensors trigger logic that wakes radios, which log to flash, while power management tries to keep
The Hardware Proxy Pattern in Embedded Systems
Introduction Accessing hardware in embedded systems is notoriously tricky. Beyond the raw registers and memory-mapped I/O, developers often face additional complexities: compression, encoding, DMA orchestration,
Exploring STM32L0 Series: Ultra-Low-Power MCUs for Energy-Efficient Designs
The STM32L0 series from STMicroelectronics is a family of ultra-low-power 32-bit microcontrollers (MCUs) built on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core, running up to 32 MHz. Optimized
Zephyr vs FreeRTOS: Choosing the Right RTOS for Your Project
When it comes to real-time operating systems (RTOS) in the embedded world, Zephyr and FreeRTOS stand out as two of the most prominent options. Both
What’s Hot in the Microcontroller World: Top Trends Shaping 2025
The microcontroller (MCU) industry is buzzing with innovation in 2025, powering everything from smart home gadgets to electric vehicles (EVs) and cutting-edge AI applications. With
